1. Websters' Third New International Dictionary of the English Language unabridged.Ed. Grove, P.B., G & C, Merriam Co., Springfield, 1971
2. Virchow, R.' Quoted by Ewing, J., Pathological aspects of some prob- lems of experimental research. Jour, Cancer Research, 1:71, 1916..
3. Foulds, L.: Neoplastic Development . I. Academic Press, London, N.Y., 1969.
4. Watson, J.D.; Quoted by Greenberg, D.S., in 44.
5. Burnet, M.: Immunological Surveillance. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1970.
6. Kothari, M.L., and Mehta, Lopa A.; The Nature of Cancer, Kothari Medical Publications, Bombay,1973.
7. Love, R.; Obituary - Leslie Founds, Jour, Natl., Cancer Inst ., 53:III, 1974.
8. Hixson,J.; The Patchwork Mouse, Politics and Intrigue in the Campaign to Conquer Cancer , Anchor Press/Doubleday, N.Y. 1976.
9. Solzhenitsyn, A.; Cancer Ward. Bantam Books, N.Y. 1972.
10. Ingelfinger, F.J.; Cancer!alarm!cancer! N.Eng. Jour. Med. , 293:1319 1975.
11. Jones, H.B.: Demographic consideration of the cancer problem. Tran N.Y.Acad.Set ., 18:298, 1956.
12. Logan, W.P.D.: Cancer of the breast: no decline in mortality. WHO Chronicle , 29:462,1975.
13. Dao, T.: Quoted by Greenberg, D.S. in, 44.
14. Brody, J.E. and Holleb, A.I.: You Can Fight Cancer and Win . Quad rangle/ The New York Times Book Co., N.Y. 1977.
15. Burnet, M.: Genes, Dreams and Realities , MTP, Bucks, 1971.
16. Goodfield, J.: The Siege of Cancer , Dell Publ. Co., N.Y.1975.
17. Roe, F.J.C.: Cancer as a disease of the whole organism. In, The Biology of Cancer . (Ed. Ambrose, E.J., and Roe, F.J.C.) D.Van Nostrand, London, 1966, p.l.
18. Dawe, C.J.: Phylogeny and oncogeny. In, Neoplasms and Related Disorders of Invertebrate and Lower Vertebrate Animals. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monograph, 31:1, 1969.
19. Weiss, P.: Some introductory remarks on the cellular basis of differ entiation. Jour. Embyyolic and Exp. Morphology, 1:181, 1953.
20. Willis, R.A.: Pathology of Tumours , Butterworths, London, 1967.
21. Weinstein, I.B.: Genetic code of normal and neoplastic mammalian cells, Gann Monogr ., 4:3, 1968.
22. Glemser, B.: Man Against Cancer. Funk & Wagnalls, N.Y.1969.
23. Garb, S.: Cure for Cancer A National Goal . Springer, N.Y. 1968.
24. Comfort, A.: Aging: The Biology of Senescence. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1964, p.57.
25. Knudson, A.G.: Genetics and Disease. McGraw-Hill, N.Y. 1965.
26. Hayflick, L.: The cell biology of human aging. N.Eng. Jour, Med. , 295:1302, 1976.
27. Griffin, G.E.: World Without Cancer: The Story of Vitamin B 17 Parts I & II. American Media, California, 1974.
28. Benn, G.: Quoted by Plessner, H.: in, On the relation of time to death. In, Man and Time: Papers from the Eranos Yearbooks. Pantheon Books, N.Y., 1957, p.249.
29. Zumoff, B., Hart, H., and Hellman, L.: Considerations of mortality in cer- tain chronic diseases. Ann. Int. Med. , 64:595, 1966.
30. Innes, J.R.M.: Malignant disease of domesticated animals. In, Cancer III . (Ed. Raven, R.W.), Butterworths, London, 1958, p.73.
31. Schlumberger, H.G.: Tumours characteristic for certain animal species: A review. Cancer Research, 17:823, 1957.
32. Dameshek, W., and Gunz, F.: Leukemia. Grune and Stratton, N.Y., 1964.
33. Pickering, G.: Degenerative diseases: Past, present and future. In Re- flections on Research and the Future of Medicine, (Ed. Lyght, C.E.), McGraw-Hill, N.Y., 1967, p.83.
34. Foote, T.: Books: The taste of hemlock. Time , June 12, 1972, p.62.
35. Haldane, J.B.S.: Cancer's a Funny Thing. New Statesman , Feb 21,1964.
36. Behaviour: Frued and death. Time , July 17, 1972 p.29.
37. Huxley, Laura A.: This Timeless Moment. A personal view of Aldous Huxley. Chatto & Windus, London, 1969.
38. Leukemia Abstracts . Sponsored by: Lenore Schwartz Leukemia Re- search Foundation. Prepared by: Research Information Service. The John Cerar Library, Chicago.
39. Gunther,J.: Death Be Not Proud. A Memoir . Harper & Row, N.Y., 1965.
40. Bodley Scott, R.: Cancer chemotherapy - The first twenty-five years. Brit.Med.Jour., 4:259, 1970.
41. Lajtha, L.G.: The nature of cancer. In, What we Know about Cancer .(Ed. Harris, R.J.), George Allen & Unwin, London, 1970, p.34.
42. Editorial: 'Early; Diagnosis of cancer. N. Eng. Jour. Med. , 275:673, 1966.
43. Cheatle, G.L.: Important early symptoms in diseases of breast. Brit. Med. Jour ., 2:47, 1927.
44. Greenberg, D.S.: 'Progress' in cancer research - Don't say it isn't so. N.Eng. Jour.Med., 292:707, 1975.
45. Whiteside, M.G., Cauchi, M.V., and Paton, C.M.: Immunotherapy with chemotherapy in the maintenance of remission in acute myeloblastic leukemia. Med. Jour. Aust. , 2:10, 1976.
46. Mathe,G.: Approaches to the immunological treatment of cancer in man. Brit. Med. Jour ., 4:7,1969.
47. Wilcox, W.S.: The last surviving cancer cell: The chances of killing it Cancer Chemother . Rep., 50:541, 1966.
48. Medicine: What causes cancer? Newsweek , January 26, 1976, p.40.
49. Economy & Business: Reappraising saccharin - and the FDA. Time, April 25, 1977, p.43.
50. Kaplan, H.S.: Discussion on cocarcinogenic substances by Salaman, M.H. In, Ciba Foundation Symposium on Carcinogenesis: Mechanisms of Action (Ed. Wolstenholme, G.E.W., and O.'Connor, M.), Churchill, London, 1959, p.82.
51. Boyd, W.: A Textbook of Pathology. Structure and Function in Disease Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1970.
52. Coppleson, M., and Reid, B.: Preclinical Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri. Pergamon Press, Oxford, London, 1967.
53. Kessler, I.I.: Husband as agent of cervical cancer. Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality. August 19,1977, p.84.
54. Fuller, B.A.G.: A History of Philosophy . Oxford & IBH Publ. Co., Calcutta, 1955, part II, p.152.
55. Kark, W.: A symposis of Cancer. John Wright, Bristol, 1966, p.101.
56. Royal College of Physicians of London: Report on smoking in relation to cancer of the lung and other diseases. Pitman, London, 1962.
57. Russell, B.: On the notion of cause. In, Mysticism and Logic . W. Norton & Co., N.Y. 1929, p.171.
58. Knebel, F.: Quoted in, The International Thesaurus of Quotations.Compiled by Tripp, R.T., Penguin Books, Middlesex, 1976, 976.8.
59. Koestler,A.: The perversity of physics.In, The Roots of Coincidence . Vin- tage Books, N.Y., 1973, p.50.
60. Webb, H.E. and Smith, C.E.G.: Viruses in the treatment of cancer. Lancet , 1:1206, 1970.
61. Prehn, R.T.: Immune reaction as a stimulator of tumour growth. Science , 176:170, 1972.
62. Medicine: Mammogram muddle. Time , August 2,1976, p.45.
63. Fialkow, P.J.: The origin and development of human tumours studied with cell markers. N.Eng. Jour. Med. , 291:26, 1974.
64. Jelliffe, A.M.: Book review: The Prevention of Cancer. Proc. Roy.Soc. Med. , 61:1072,1968.
65. Cushing, H.: Quoted in, 124, p.451.
66. Leading Article: The curability of cancer. Lancet , 1:715,1954.
67. Park, W.W., and Lees, J.C.: The absolute curability of cancer of the breast. Surg. Gynec.Obstet. , 93:129, 1951.
68. Bloodgood, J.C.: The diagnosis of early breast tumours. Jour.Amer. Med. Ass. , 81:875, 1923.
69. McKinnon, N.E.: Control of cancer mortality. Lancet , 1:251, 1954.
70. Bunker, J.P., Donahue, V.L., Cole, P., and Notman, M.T.: Elective hysterectomy: Pro and con. N.Eng. Jour. Med. , 295:264,1976.
71. Smithers, D.W.: On the Nature of Neoplasia in Man . Livingstone Edinburgh, London, 1964.
72. Hosokawa, T., Ito., H., Sekina, T., Komuro, N., Tanaka, T., Sekino, S., Miyashita, A., Miura, S., and Ozeki, A.: Studies on the histogenesis of induced chorioepithelioma in rats. Jikeikai Med. Jour. , 23:85, 1976.
73. Walker, A.E.: Intracranial tumours, In Cecil-Loeb Textbook of Medicine , (Ed. Beeson, P.B., and McDermott, W.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, London, 1966,p.1675.
74. Editorial: Carcinoma of the prostate. Lancet , 1:1259, 1958.
75. Franks, L.M.: The natural history of prostatic cancer. Lancet , 2:1037, 1956.
76. Schiller, W., Daro, A.F., Gollin, H.A., Primiano, N.P.: Small pre- ulcerative invasive carcinoma of the cervix: The spray carcinoma. Amer. Jour. Obstet. & Gynec ., 65:1088, 1953.
77. Christopherson, W.M., and Parker, J.E.: Dysplasia, Carcinoam in situ, and Microinvasive Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri . (Ed. Gray, L.), C.C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1964.
78. Siegler, E.E.: Microdiagnosis of carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix. A comparative study of pathologists' diagnoses, Cancer, 9:463, 1956.
79. Way, S.: Methods of discovering carcinoma in situ. Reports of Societies, Jour.Obstet. & Gynec. Brit. Emp ., 67:150,1960.
80. Wildavsky, A.: Doing better and feeling worse: The political pathology of health policy . In, Doing Better and Feeling Worse: Health in the United States. (Ed. Knowles, J.H.), W.W. Norton & Co., N.Y., 1977, p.105.
81. Fischer, M.H.: Quoted in 124, p.97.
82. Macdonald, I.: The breast. In, Management of the Patient with Cancer . (Ed. Nealon, T.F.) W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, London, 1965, p.435.
83. Kiricuta, I., and Bucur, M.: Prognostic value of malignant evolutive onset in breast cancer. In, Oncology 1970, Abstracts. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago, 1970, p.732, Abstract 1199.
84. Hamblin, T.: Personal view. Brit. Med. Jour. , 3:407, 1974.
85. Billroth, T.: Quoted by Rosemond, G.P., in Newer concepts in the management of patients with breast cancer. Cancer , 28:1372, 1971.
86. Veronesi, U.: Noncurative surgery. In, Cancer Medicine , (Ed. Holland, J.F., and Frei, III, E.), Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1974, p.530.
87. Wilson, C.: The Outsider . Pan Books, London, 1971.
88. Brooke, B.N.: Understanding Cancer , Heinemann, London, 1971, p.105.
89. Watts, A.: Wealth versus money. In, Project Survival, Playboy Press, Chicago, Illinois, 1971, p.165.
90. Stephens, F.O.: 'Crab' care and cancer chemotherapy, Med. Jour. Aust. , 2:41, 1976.
91. Veronesi, U.: Principles of cancer surgery. In, Cancer Medicine (Ed. Holland, J.F. and Frei III, E.), Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1974. p.521.
92. Weil, R.: Chemotherapy and tumours. Jour.Amer. Med.Ass ., 64:1283, 1915.
93. Issels, J.: Quoted by Newton-Fenbow, P.in 238, p.127.
94. Lewin,I.: Neoplasia. In, Internal Medicine Based on Mechanisms of Dis- ease. (Ed. Talso, P.J., and Remenchik, A.P.), C.V. Mosby Co., Saint Louis, 1968, p.140.
95. Sutherland, R.: Cancer, The Significance of Delay. Butterworths, London, 1960.
96. Homburger, F.: The Biologic Basis of Cancer Management . Hoeber- Harper, N.Y., 1957.
97. Lewison, E.F., Montague, A.C.W., and Kuller, L.: Breast cancer treated at the John Hopkins Hospital, 1951-1956. Cancer, 19:1359, 1966.
98. Henderson, E.S.: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In, Cancer Medicine. (Ed. Holland, J.F., and Frei, III, E.), Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia 1974,
99. Metchnikoff, E.: Quoted by Harrison, R.J. and Montagna,W., in Man . Appleton-Century-Crofts, N.Y., 1969, p.337.
100. Karnofsky, D.A.: Experimental cancer chemotherapy. In, Physiopathology of Cancer . (Ed. Homburger, F.), Hoeber -Harper, 1959,p.783.
101. Chabner, B.A.: Second neoplasm - a complication of cancer chemo- therapy. N.Eng. Jour. Med. , 297:213, 1977.
102. Reimer, R.R., Hoover, R., Fraumeni, J.F., Jr. and Young, R.C.: Acute leukemia after alkylating-agent therapy of ovarian cancer. N.Eng. Jour. Med., 297:177, 1977.
103. Cancer problems 160 years ago. Institution for investigating the nature of cancer. Int. Jour. Cancer , 2:281, 1967. This article originally appeared in the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Jour. , 2:382, 1806.
104. Ho, J.H.C.: Head and neck tumours. The natural history and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In, Oncology. IV . (Ed. Clark, R.L., Cumbley R.W. McCay, J.E., and Copeland, M.M.), Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago, 1970, p.1.
105. Green R.A., and Dixon, H.: Expectancy for life in chronic lymphatic leu- kemia, Blood , 25:23, 1965.
106. Monti, A.: Diseases of the blood-forming organs. In, Internal Medicine Based on Mechanisms of Disease. (Ed. Talso, P.J., and Remenchik, A.P.), C.V. Mosby Co., Saint Louis 1968, p.644.
107. Field, J.B., Jr.: Quoted by Green, M.E. in, When to treat leukemia. N. Eng. Jour. Meds. , 281,1018, 1969.
108. Stevens, A.R.: Lymphatic leukemia for perhaps 28 years. N.Eng. Jour. Med. , 281:448, 1969.
109. Durrant, K.R., Berry, R.J., Ellis, F., Ridehalgh, F.R., Black, J.M., and Hamilton, W.S.: Comparison of treatment policies in inoperable bron- chial carcinoma. Lancet , 1:715,1971.
110. Swan, K.G.: Surgeons and operations. N. Eng. Jour. Med ., 282:1105, 1970.
111. Wenkart, A., and Robertson, B.: The natural course of gallstone disease. Eleven years; review of 781 non-operated cases. Gastroenter- ology, 50:376, 1966.
112. Bloom, H.J.G.: Natural history of untreated breast cancer. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , 114: 747, 1964.
113. Zumoff, B., and Hellman, L.: The possibility of predicting the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy in the prolongation of survival. Lancet , 1:878, 1967.
114. Berry, R.E.L.: The surgical and non-surgical treatment of gastric ulcer. Arch. Surg ., 79:326, 1959.
115. Moore, F.D.: The effect of definitive surgery on duodenal ulcer disease: a comparative study of surgical and non-surgical management. Ann. Surg., 132:652, 1950.
116. Wilson, J.K.: The natural history of mitral stenosis. Canad. Med. Ass. Jour. , 71:323, 1954.
117. Eisenberg, H.: Trends in survival of digestive system cancer patients in Connecticut, 1935 to 1962. Gastroenterology, 53:528,1967.
118. Editorial: Oral cancer: A stubborn problem. Lancet , 1:299, 1972.
119. Ratcliff, J.D.: I am Jane's breast. Reader's Digest (India), September 1972, p.147.
120. Wilkie, D.P.D.: In, Great Teachers of Surgery in the Past . John Wright, Bristol, 1969, p.144.
121. Medicine: A right to die? Newsweek , November 3, 1975, p.42.
122. Robbins, L.L.: Prognosis, Arch. Int.Med. , 107:801, 1961.
123. Morton, L.T.: A Medical Bibliography. (Ed. Morton, L.T.), Andre Deutsch, London, 1970.
124. Familiar Medical Quotations. (Ed. Strauss, M.B.), Little Brown & Co., Boston, 1968.
125. Anonymous: Quoted in 124, p.461.
126. Black, M.M., Opler, S.R., and Speer, F.D.: Structural representations of tumour-host relationships in gastric carcinoma. Surg. Gynec. Obstet. , 102:599, 1956.
127. Mulligan, R.M.: Introduction to the pathology of cancer. In, Management of the Patient with Cancer. (Ed. Nealon, T.F.), W.B. Saunders, Philadel- phia, 1965, p.11.
128. Boyd, W.: Boyd's Pathology for the Surgeon. (Ed. Anderson, W.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1967.
129. Nathanson, I.T. and Welch, C.E.: Life expectancy and incidence of ma- lignant disease: I.Carcinoma of breast. Amer. Jour. Cancer, 28:40, 1936.
130. Hyman, H.T.: Quoted in, 124, p.461.
131. Krall, L.P.: Clinical evaluation of prognosis. In, Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus . (Ed. Marble, A., While, P., Bradley, R.F., and Krall L.P.), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1971, p.211.
132. Friedberg, C.K.: Angina Pectoris. In, Cecil-Loeb Textbook of Medicine . (Ed. Beeson, P.B. and McDermott, W.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, London, 1966, p.682.
133. Perera, G.A.: Primary (essential) hypertension. In, Cecil-Loeb Textbook of Medicine (Ed. Beeson, P.B., and McDermott, W), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, London, 1966, p.682.
134. Goldberg, I.D., Levin, M.L., Gerhardt, P.R., Handy, V.H., and Cashman, R.E.: The probability of developing cancer, Jour. Natl. Cancer Inst. , 17:155,1956.
135. Macdonald, I.: The natural history of mammary carcinoma. Amer. Jour. Surg. , 111:435, 1966.
136. Medicine: Who shall die? Newsweek , May 24, 1971, p.52.
137. Hewitt, H.B.: Review of Cancer and the Immune Response by Currie, G.A. Brit. Jour. Radiol. , 48:516, 1975.
138. Byers, V.S. and Levin, A.S.: Tumour immunology. In, Basic and Clinical Immunology. (Ed. Fudenberg, H.H. Stites, D.P., Caldwell, J.L., and Wells, J.V.), Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, California, 1976, p.242.
139. Editorial Comment: R.W.: The Year Book of Cancer 1973. (Ed. Clark, R.L., and Cumley, R..W.), Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago, 1973, p.346.
140. Macdonald, I., and Kotin, P.: Biologic predeterminism in gastric carcinoma as the limiting factor of carability. Surg. Gynec., Obstet. , 98:148,1954.
141. McKhann, C.F.: Book review: Immunotherapy of Cancer in Man: Scien- tific Basis and Current Status. N.Eng. Med., 290:1267, 1974.
142. Roitt, I.M.: Transplantation. In, Essential Immunology. Blackwell, Oxford, 1974, p.181.
143. Nutting, M.G.: Ascites in malignant melanoma after oral BCG immuno- therapy. N.Eng. Jour. Med ., 295:395, 1976.
144. Saksela, E., and Meyer, B.: Clinical follow-up and the cell-mediated cy- totoxicity against HeLa cell in patients with invasive or preinvasive cervi- cal cancer. Med. Biol., 54:217, 1976.
145. Harris, J.E., and Sinkovics. J.G.: Tumours of man. In, the Immunology of Malignant Disease . C.V.Mosby, Saint Louis, 1970, p.203.
146. Oettgen, H.F., and Hellstrom, K.E.: Tumour immunology. In, Cancer Medicine. (Ed. Holland, J.F., and Freit, III, E.), Lea & Febiger, Philadel- phia, 1974. p.951.
147. McKhann, C.F., Hendrickson, C.G., Spitler, L.E., Gunnarsson, A., Banerjee, D., and Nelson, W.R.: Immunotherapy of melanoma with BCG: two fatalities following intralesional injection. Cancer, 35:514, 1975.
148. Bluming, A.G.: BCG: A note of caution. N.Eng. Jour. Med. , 289:860, 1973.
149. Wybran, J.: Experimental aspects of immunotherapy. In, Basic and Clinical Immunology . (Ed. Fudenberg, H.H., Stites, D.P., Caldwell, J.L. and Wells, J.V.), Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, California, 1976, p.606.
150. Peter, L.J., and Hull, R.: The Peter Principle , Pan Books Lt., London, 1971.
151. Kothari, M.L., and Mehta, Lopa A.: The nature of immunity, I & II. Jour. Postgrand. Med. , 22:50, 112, 1976.
152. Lerner, A.J.: My Fair Lady. Adapted from Pygmalion by Shaw, G.B. Penguin Books, Middlesex, 1965.
153. Solzhenitsyn, A.: The First Circle. Allied Publishers Pvt.Ltd., Bombay, 1970, p.88.
154. a. Weinberg, A.M.: Science and trans-science. Minerva, 10:209-222, 1972. b. Leader: Trans-science. Med. Jour.Aust. 2:923, 1975.
155. Homburger, F.: Clinical investigation in cancer research. In, The Physio- pathology of Cancer. (Ed. Homburger, F.), Hoeber-Harper, N.Y., 1959, p.890.
156. Hoch-Ligeti, C.: Laboratory Aids in Diagnosis of Cancer . C.C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1969.
157. Capra, F.: The Tao of Physics . N.Y., 1977.
158. Ananthachar, V.S.: Do we know what mass it? Science Reporter, 6:287, 1969.
159. Dawkins, R.: The Selfish Gene, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1976, p.30.
160. Ardrey, R.: The Social Contract , Collins, London, 1970, p.5.
161. Science: DNA research: Not so dangerous after all? Time, August 15, 1977. p.44.
162. Weaver, R.F.: The cancer puzzle. National Geographic , 150:396, 1976.
163. Tainter, M.C.: Medicine's golden age: The triumph of the experimental method. Tran. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , 18:206, 1956.
164. Heiger, I.: Theories of carcinogenesis. In, Ciba Foundation Symposium on Carcinogenesis: Mechanisms of Action. (Ed. Wolstenholme, G.E.W., and O'Connor, M.), Churchill, London, 1959, p.3.
165. Smithers, D.W.: A Clinical Prospect of the Cancer Problem. Living stone, Edinburgh, London, 1960.
166. Page, I.H.: Cancer - conquest or turmoil? Modern Medicine , 39:73, 1971.
167. Cancer Medicine, Edited by Holland., J.F., and Frei, III, E. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1974.
168. Mihich, E.: Pharmacologic principles and the basis for selectivity of drug action. In, Cancer Medicine . (Ed. Holland, J.F., and Frei, III, E.) Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1974, p.650.
169. Indian Cancer Society: Second All India Cancer Convention. The Indian Express , Bombay, February 17, 1978.
170. McGrady, P.: Quoted by, Weaver, R.F., in 162.
171. Rutstein, D.D.: The paradox of modern medicine. In, The Coming Revolution in Medicine . Vakils, Feffer and Simons Pvt.Ltd., Bombay, 1967, p.9.
172. Kurtzman, J., and Gordon, P.: No More Dying: The Conquest of Aging and the Extension of Human Life . Dell Publ. Co., N.Y., 1977.
173. Culliton, B.J.: Science, society and the press. N. Eng. Jour. Med., 296:1450,1977.
174. Cover Story: Towards cancer control. Time , March 19, 1973, p.30.
175. Greenberg, D.S.: The press and health care. N. Eng.Jour. Med. , 297:231, 1977.
176. Eisenberg, L.: The search for care. In, Doing Better and Feeling Worse: Health in the United States. (Ed. Knowles, J.H.). W.W. Norton, N.Y., 1977, p.235.
177. Taylor, D.M.: Book review: The Nature of Cancer. Brit. Jour. Radiol., 48:420, 1975.
178. Segi, M., and Kurihara, M.: Cancer mortality for selected cancer siters in 24 countries , NO.4 (1962-1963), Sendai (Japan) Tohoko University School of Medicine, Dept. of Public Health, Japan, 1966.
179. Dunham, L.J., and Bailer, J.C.: World maps on cancer mortality rates and frequency ratios. Jour. Natl. Cancer Inst., 41:155, 1968.
180. Khanolkar, V.R.: Quoted by Glesmer in 22, p.122.
181. Moore D.H., Sarkar, N.H. Kramarsky, B., Lasfargues, E.Y., and Charney, J.: Some aspects for the search for a human mammary tumour virus. Cancer , 28:1415, 1971.
182. Higginson, J.: Foreword. In, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents . Volume III-1976. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 1976, p.vii.
183. Portmann, A.: Time in the life of the organism. In, Man and Time , Pantheon Books, N.Y., 1957, p.308.
184. Everson, T.C., and Cole, W.H.: Spontaneous Regression of Cancer . W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1966.
185. Comments: Spontaneous regression of primary cutaneous melanoma. Med. Jour. Aust. , 2:759, 1975.
186. Pack, G.T.: St. Peregrine, O.S.M. the patron saint of cancer patients, Ca, 17:183, 1967.
187. Curtis, H.J.: Biological mechanisms of delayed radiation damage in mammals. In, Current Topics in Radiation Research . (Ed. Ebert, M., and Howard, A.), North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1967, p.139.
188. Shimkin, M.B.: Pulmonary tumours in experimental animals. Adv. Cancer Research , 3:223, 1955.
189. Bizzozero, O.J. Johnson, K.G., and Cicocco, A.: Radiation-related leukemia in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1946-1964, N.Eng. Jour. Med., 274:1095, 1966.
190. Kothari, M.L., and Mehta Lopa A.: Modus operandi of carcinogens: Mere temporal advancement. Jour. Postgrad. Med., 15:101, 1969.
191. Stewart, F.M.: The Methuselah Enzyme. Bantam Books, N.Y., 1972.
192. Selye, H.: The future for aging research. In, Perspectives in Experimen- tal Gerontology. (Ed. Shock, N.W.), C.C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1966, p.375.
193. Strehler, B.L.: Time, Cells and Aging. Academic Press, N.Y., London, 1968.
194. Nelson, W.E.: Diabetes Mellitus. In, Textbook of Pediatrics. (Ed. Nelson, W.E.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1969, p.1155.
195. Maugh II, T.H. and Marx, J.L.: Seeds of Destruction. The Science Report on Cancer Research . Plenum Press, N.Y., 1975.
196. Waterhouse, J.A.H.: Cancer Handbook of Epidemiology and Prognosis.Churchill, Livingston, London, 1974.
197. Loewy, A.G. and Siekevitz, P.: Cell Structure and Function. Amerind Publ.Co., New Delhi, 1974, p.7.
198. Nilsson, L., and Lindberg., J.: Behold Man , Harrap, London, 1973, p.143.
199. Kothari, M.L., and Mehta, Lopa A.: Cancerology - Science or Non- Science. Jour. of Postgrad. Med. , 24:68, 1978.
200. Carrel, A.: Man, the Unknown. Macffaden Publications, N.Y., 1961, p.162.
201. Illich, I.: Limits to Medicine, Medical Nemesis: The expropriation of Health. Marrion Boyars Publishers Ltd., 1976.
202. Malleson, A.: Need Your Doctor Be So Useless ? George Allen & Unwin, London, 1973.
203. Platt, R., Private and Controversial, Cassell. London, 1972.
204. Cullinton, B.J.: Mammography controversy: NIH's entree into evaluating technology. How important is early detection? Science, 198:171, 1977.
205. Rang, M.: The Ulysses syndrome. Canad. Med. Ass. Jour. , 106:122, 1972.
206. Huxley, A.: The Perennial Philosophy . Fontana Books, Collins, 1966, p.299.
207. Barnard, C.: Heart Attack. You don't Have to Die . W.H. Allen, London N.Y., 1972, p.78.
208. Harrison, T.R.: In retrospect: some pride and more folly. Am. Jour. Med. Sci ., 269:11, 1975.
209. Krauss, K.: Quoted in, 124, p.97.
210. Proust, M.: Quoted in, 124, p.472.
211. D'Arcy, P.F., and Griffin, J.P.: Iatrogenic Diseases. Oxford Univ. Press, London, 1972.
212. Disease of Medical Progress , Edited by Moser, R.H., C.C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1964.
213. Pyke, D.A.: Iatrogenic disease. In, The Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought . (Ed. Bullock, A., and Stallybrass, O.) Fontana/Collins, London, 1977, p.296.
214. Knowles, J.H.: The responsibility of the individual. In, Doing better and Feeling Worse: Health in the United States. ( Ed. Knowles, J.H.), W.W. Norton, N.Y., 1977, p.57.
215. Ferguson, J.H..: Positive cancer smears in teenage girls. Jour. Amer. Med. Ass., 219:81, 1972.
216. King, L.S.: Editorial: Let this be a lesson to you! Jour. Am.Med.Ass ., 219:81, 1972.
217. Bailar, J.C. III.: Estrogen therapy for prostatic cancer. In, Progress in Clinical Cancer. IV . (Ed. Ariel, I.M.), Grune and Stratton, N.Y., 1970, p.387.
218. Crile, G., Jr.: The advantage of bypass operations over radical pancreatoduodenectomy in the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma. Surg. Gynec. Obstet ., 130, 1049, 1970.
219. Duval, M.K.: The provider, the government, and the consumer. In, Doing Better and Feeling Worse: Health in the United States . (Ed. Knowles, J.H.), W.W. Norton, N.Y., 1977, p.185.
220. Medicine: A time to write. Time, November 14, 1977, p.40.
221. Gellhorn, A.: Clinical cancer chemotherapy. In, Physiopathology of Cancer. (Ed. Homburger, F.), Hoeber - Harper, 1959, p.1013.
222. Ingelfinger, F.J.: Editorial: Laetrilomania. N. Eng.Jour.Med., 296:1167, 1977.
223. Martin D.S.: Laetrile - a dangerous drug. Ca, 27:301,1977.
224. Dawe, C.J.: Comparative neoplasia. In, Cancer Medicine . (Ed. Holland, J.F., and Frei, III, E.), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1974.p.193.
225. Leading Article: How relevant is present cancer research? Brit. Med. Jour. , 3:45, 1969.
226. Altman, L.K.: Cancer experiment spurs controversy: New York Times, 23rd October 1977, p.27. Quoted in Current Contents , 21:12, 1978.
227. Arley, N.: Applications of stochastic models for the analysis of the mechanism of carcinogenesis. In, Stochastic Models in Medicine and Biology. ( Ed. Gurland, J.), The Univ. Wisconsin Press, Maddison, 1964, p.3.
228. Burnet, M.: Concepts of autoimmune disease and their implications for therapy. In, Reflections on Research and the Future of Medicine.
(Ed. Lyght, C.E.), McGraw Hill, N.Y., 1967, p.9.
229. Mirkin, H.R.: The Complete Fund Raising Guide . Public Service Materials Centre, 1973.
230. Susser, M.: Causal Thinking in the Health Sciences . Concepts and Strategies of Epidemiology. Oxford Univ. Press, N.Y., 1973.
231. Fredrickson, D.S.: Health and the search for new knowledge. In, Doing Better and Feeling Worse: Health in the United State. (Ed. Knowles, J.H.), W.W. Norton, N.Y., 1977, p.159.
232. Berman, E.: The Solid Gold Stethoscope . Macmillan, N.Y., 1976, p.169.
233. Higginson, J.: Overall anti-cancer strategy. In, Cancer - Painstaking Progress. Documenta Geigy, Ciba-Geigy Ltd.,. Basle, 1971.
234. Thomas, L.: On the science and technology of medicine. In, Doing Better and Feeling Worse: Health in the United States . (Ed. Knowles, J.H.), W.W. Norton, N.Y., 1977, p.35.
235. Foote, T.: Books: Witness to yesterday. Time , September 25, 1972, p.52.
236. Peabody, F.W.: Quoted in 124, p.164.
237. Peabody, F.W.: The pathology of the bone marrow in pernicious anemia. Amer. Jour. Path . 3:179, 1927.
238. Newton-Fenbow, P.: A Time to Heal. A Personal Testimony of Dr. Issels' Cancer Treatment .P. Souvenir Press, London, 1971.
239. Spriggs, A.I., Boddington, M.M., and Halley, W.: Uniqueness of malignant tumours. Lancet , 1:211, 1967.
240. Scheinfeld, A.: You and Heredity. (Ed. Haldane, J.B.S.), Chatto and Windus, London, 1939.
241. Roberts, J.A.F.: An Introduction to Medical Genetics. Oxford Univ. Press, London, 1970.
242. Higginson, J., and Muir, C.S.: The role of epidemiology in elucidating the importance of environmental factors in human cancer. Cancer Detection and Prevention, 1:79, 1976.
243. Schneiderman, M.A.: Eighty percent of cancer is related to the environ- ment. Laryngoscope , 88:559, 1978.
244. Staszewski, J., Slomska, J., Muir, C.S., and Jain, D.K.: Sources of demographic data on migrant groups for epidemiological studies of chronic diseases. Jour. Chronic Dis. , 23:351, 1970.
245. Haenszeal, W., and Kurihara, M.: Studies of Japanese migrants. I. Mor- tality from cancer and other diseases among Japanese in the United States, Jour. Natl.,Cancer Inst ., 40:43, 1968.
246. Willis, R.A.: The Spread of Tumours in the Human Body . Butterworths, London, 1952.
247. Lewis, M.R., and Cole, W.H.: Experimental increase of lung metastases after operative trauma (amputation of limb with tumour). Arch. Surg ., 77:621, 1958.
248. Windeyer, B.: Applications of radiology to radiotherapy. In, Modern Trends in Radiotherapy-2. (Ed. Deeley, T.J.), Butterworths, London, 1972,p.1
249. Kligerman, M.M.: Principles of radiation therapy. In, Cancer Medicine. (Ed. Holland, J.F., and Frei. III, E.), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1974, p.541.
250. Copeland, M.M.: The biologic aspects of cancer of the breast: A challange.
Amer. Geriatrics Soc., 3 6:97, 1978.
251. Gunz, F.W.: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In, Cancer Medicine .(Ed. Holland, J.F., and Fri, III,E.), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1974, p.1256.
252. Lo Buglio, A.F.: Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis: A defined syndrome of an ill deined cell. N.Eng. Jour. Med. , 295:219,1976.
253. Cell Differentiation: A Ciba Foundation Symposium. Edited by De Reuck, A.V.S., and Knight, J. Churchill, London, 1967.
254. DeRobertis, E.D.P., Saez, F.A., and DeRobertis, Jr.E.M.F.: Cell differentiation and cellular interaction. In, Cell Biology , W.B.Saunders, Philadelphia, 1975, p.441.
255. Bhatnagar, S.M., Kothari, M.L., and Mehta, Lopa A.: Essentials of Human Embryology . Orient Longman Ltd., Bombay, 1983, p.78.
256. Daver, A., and Agerup, B.: B2- Microglobulin and cancerembryonic antigen in intestinal cancer. Danish Med. Bull ., 25:91, 1978.
257. Shields, R.: Ectopic hormone production by tumours. Nature , 272:494, 1978.
258. Ellison, R.R.: Acute myelocytic leukemia. In, Cancer Medicine . (Ed. Hol- land, J.F., and Frei, III, E.), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1974. p.1199.
259. Gius, J.A.: Palliative treatment of cancer. In, Fundamentals of General Surgery. Oxford & IBH Publ.Co., Calcutta, 1965, p.241.
260. Gius, J.A.: Cancer and cacotelic operations. Surg. Gynec.& Obstet. , 108:743, 1959.
261. Moertel, C.G.: The esophagus, In, Cancer Medicine . (Ed. Holland, J.F. and Frei, III, E.), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1974, p.1519.
262. Feinstein, A.R.: Symptoms as an index of biologic behaviour and prognosis in human cancer. Nature , 209:241, 1966.
263. Cowdry, E.V.: Etiology and Prevention of Cancer in Man . Appleton- Cen- tury-Crofts, N.Y., 1968.
264. Nelson, J.H., Jr.: Uterine cervix. In, Cancer Medicine (Ed. Holland, J.F., and Frei, III, E.), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1974, p.1733.
265. Colebatch, J.H.: Developing role of anticancer drugs in cancer treat- ment. Med. Jour. Aust ., 1:265, 1978.
266. Leading Article: Non-endemic Burkitt;s lymphoma. Brit. Med. Jour. , 1:1508, 1978.
267. Leading Article: The price of survival in childhood leukemia. Brit. Med. Jour ., 1:321, 1978.
268. MRC's Working Party on Leukaemia in Childhood: Testicular disease in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood. Brit. Med. Jour ., 1:334,1978.
269. Baumer, J.H., and Mott, M.G.: Sex and prognosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet , 2:128,1978.
270. Editorial: Testicular infiltrates in childhood leukaemia: Harbour or har- binger. Lancet , 2:136,1978.
271. Jacobs, P.: Editorial: The curing of human leukaemia - Fact or fancy?
S.A. Med. Jour., 53:610, 1978.
272. Thomas, E.D., Buckner, C.D., Fefer, A., Sanders, J.E., and Storb, R.: Efforts to prevent recurrence of leukemia in marrow graft recipients. Trans- plantation Proceedings, 10:163, 1978.
273. Gale, R.P. for the UCLA Bone Marrow Transplant Team: Approaches to leukemic relapse following bone marrow transplantation. Transplan- tation Proceedings, 10:167, 1978.
274. Santos, G.W.: Bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia - remain- ing problems. Transplantation Proceedings, . 10:173,1978.
275. Editorial: Bone-marrow transplantation. Lancet, 1:859,1978.
276. Ziegler, J.L.: Burkitt;s tumour. In, Cancer Medicine (Ed. Holland, J.F., and Frei, III, E), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1974, p.1321.
277. Burchenal, J.H.: Geographic chemotherapy - Burkitt;s tumour as a stalk- ing horse for leukemia. Presidential Address to a meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research in Denver, Colorado, May 1966.
278. Hoerr, S.O.: Hoerr's law. Amer. Jour. Surg. , 103:411, 1962.
279. Wessel, M.A.: Care of the cancer patient. N. Eng. Journ.Med. 295:1435, 1976.
280. Nealon, T.F., Jr.: Cancer: Some personal reflections and an overview. In, Management of the Patient with Cancer. (Ed. Nealon, T.F., Jr.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1965, p.3.
281. Prager, M..D.: Specific cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunologic. Immunotherapy , 3:157,1978.
282. a. International Conference on Immunobiology of Cancer. Edited by Fried- man, H., and Southam, C. Ann. N.Y.Acad, Sci ., Vol.276,1976. b. Carter, S.K.: Immunotherapy of cancer in man: Current status and prospectus. Ann. N.Y. Acad.Sci ., 277:722, 1976.
283. The Immuno-cancerology Week in Paris. La Medicine En France , 26:13, August 1978.
284. Furnivall, P.: A personal account of the after-effects of the modern treat- ment of carcinoma. Brit. Med. Jour ., 1:450,1938.
285. Tashima, C.K.: Care of the cancer patient, N.Eng. Jour. Med. , 295:1435, 1976.
286. Jones, H.W.: Comment on should the doctor tell the patient that the dis- ease is cancer? by Glibertsen, V.A., and Wangensteen, O.H.C., 12:82, 1962.
287. Graham, J.: A time to live: biweekly column in Chicago Daily News and now in Chicago Sun-Times since July 9, 1977.
288. Sontag, S.: 1. Illness as metaphor. 2. Images of illness. 3. Diseases as political metaphor. New York Review of Books, Jan. 26, February 9, Feb- ruary 23, 1978.
289. Marston, R..Q.: Cancer research in the U.S. Nature , 273:321, 1978.
290. Werner, E.R.: Cancer epidemic? A symposium on carcinogers. Bull N.Y. Acad. Med ., 54:347, 1978.
291. Curnen, M.G.M.: Epidemiological outlook on cancer. Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med. , 54:349, 1978.
292. Cramer, W.: The new outlook on cancer. Brit. Med. Jour ., 1:175,1926.
293. Burch, P.R.J.: The Biology of Cancer: A New Approach . MTP, England, 1976.
294. Godwin-Austen, R.B.: Parkinson's Disease - A booklet for patients and their families. Parkinson's Disease Society U.K., 1977, p.1.
295. Handley, R.S.: Conservative surgery for breast cancer. Jour. Roy. Soc. Med. , 71, 246, 1978.
296. Malpas, J.S. and Whitehouse, J.M.A.: Medical mamangement of malig- nant disease. In, Progress in Clinical Medicine, Churchill, Livingstone, London, 1978, p.236.
297. Holland,J.: Psychologic aspects of cancer. In, Cancer Medicine (Ed. Holland, J.F., and Frei,II, E.), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1974, p.991.
298. Ellis, H.: If my wife had cancer of the breast. Brit. Med. Jour ., 1:896, 1978.
299. Hellegers, A.E.: Biologic origins of bioethical problems. In, Obstertrics and Gynecology Annual. Vol. 6, 1977. (Ed. Wynn, R.M.), Appleton- Century-Crofts, N.Y., 1977, p.1.
300. Comfort, A.: The Anxiety Makers, Panther Books, London, 1968.
301. Leading Article: Breast lumps in adolescent girls. Lancet , 1:260,1978.
302. Knox, E.G.: Multiphasic screening. Lancet , 2:1434, 1974.
303. Editorial: Multiphasic screenin general practice. Lancet , 1:29, 1978.
304. Bate, J.G.: Cervical cytology. In, Contemporary Obstetrics and Gynaecology. (Ed. Chamberlain, G.V.P.), Northwood Publ., London, 1977, p.341.
305. Knaus, W.: Modern hospital becomes a warehouse for machines. Re- printed from Washington Post in Indian Express, August 4, 1978.
306. Round the World: United States: Health care - where the money goes. Lancet , 1:926, 1978.
307. Wied, G.L.: Bahr., G.F., Bartels, H., and Bibbo, M.: Cancer cell identifica- tion by computer (Program TICAS). Tenth International Cancer Congress. Abstracts. Houston, Texas, U.S.A., 1970, ( Abstract 908), p.561.
308. Muhm, J.R., Brown L.R., and Crowe, J.K.: Use of computed tomography in the detection of pulmonary nodules. Mayo Clinical Proc. , 52:345, 1977.
309. Burwood, R.J.: Ultrasound in malignant disease of the abdomen: a re- view. Jour. Roy.Soc. Med., 71:100, 1978.
310. Juret, P., Delozier, T., Mandard, A.M., Couette, ZJ.E., Leplat, G., and Vernhes, J.C.: Sex of first child as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. Lancet, 1:415, 1978.
311. Ritman, E.L., Robb R.A., Johnson, S.A., Chevalier, P.A., Glibert, B.K., Greenleaf, J.F., Sturm, R.E., and Wood, E.H.: Quantitative imaging of the structure and function of the heart, lungs and circulation. Mayo Clini- cal Proc ., 53:3, 1978.
312. Salmon, S.E., Hamburger, A.W., Soehnlen, B., Durie, B.G.M. Alberts, D.S., and Moon, T.E.: Quantitation of differential sensitivity of human- tumour stem cells to anticancer drugs. N. Eng. Jour. Med. , 298:1321,1978.
313. Medicine: The petri dish and the patient: Predicting which drugs will work on cancer patients. Time, June 26, 1978, p.55.
314. Stock, J.A.: The chemotherapy of cancer. In, The Biology of Cancer. (Ed. Ambrose, E.J., and Roe, F.J.C.), D. Van Nostrand Comp., London, 1966, p.176.
315. Clarkson, B.D.: Current concepts of leukemia and results of recent treat- ment programs. Transplantation Proceedings , 10:157, 1978.
316. Hersh, E.M.: Modification of host defense mechanisms. In, Cancer Medi- cine . (Ed. Holland, J.F., and Frei, III, E.), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1974, p.681.
317. Editorial: Human tumours in mice and rats. Lancet , 1:138, 1978.
318. Zubrod, C.G.: Introduction. In, Cancer Medicine . (Ed. Holland, J.F., and Frei, III, E.), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1974, p.601.
319. Bodey, G.P.: Infections in patients with cancer. In, Cancer Medicine . (Ed. Holland, J.F., and Frei, III. E.), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1974, p.1135.
320. Wheeler, G.P.: Alkylating-agents. In, Cancer Medicine . (Ed. Holland, J.F., and Frei, III, E.), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 1974, p.791.
321. Bier, A.: Quoted in Familiar Medical Quotations . (Ed. Strauss, M.B.), Little Brown & Co., Boston, 1968, p.476.
322. Thomas, L.: Biostatistics in medicine. Science, 198:675,1977.
323. Greenberg, D.: The war on cancer: Official fiction and harsh facts. Sci- ence and Governmental Report ,Vol. 4, December 1, 1974.
324. Robbins, G.F., Macdonald, M.C., and Pack, G.T.: Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of physicians with cancer. Cancer , 6:624, 1953.
325. Leading Article: If I had. Brit. Med. Jour ., 1:874, 1978.
326. Dudley, H.A.F.: If I had carcinoma of the middle third of the rectum. Brit. Med. Jour. , 1:1035, 1978.
327. Erikson, E.H.: The golden rule and the cycle of life. In, Hippocrates Revisited. (Ed. Bulger, R.J.), Medcom, N.Y., 1973, p.181.
328. Riggall, F.: Treatment of Cancer. Brit. Med. Jour., 1:1029, 1952
329. Selawry, O.S. and Hansen, H.H.: Lung Cancer. In, Cancer Medicine . (Ed. Holland, J.F., and Frei, III, E.), Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1974, p.1473.
330. Block, J.B.: Drugs for cancer. In, Drugs of Choice 1978-1979. (Ed. Modell, W.), C.V. Mosby, St. Louis, 1978, p.580.
331. Editorial: Osteosarcoma: Advances in treatment or changing natural history? Lancet , 2:82, 1978.
332. Editorial: Hospice care. Lancet , 1:1193, 1978.
333. Medicine: A better way of dying. Time, June 5, 1978, p.55.
334. Kothari, M.L. and Mehta, Lopa A.:. Cancer: Myths and Realities of Cause and Cure. Marion Boyars, London, 1979.
335. Kothari, M.L. and Mehta, Lopa A.: 1st Krebs eine Krankheit? Rowohlt, Hamburg, 1979.
336. Kothari, M.L. and Mehta, Lopa A.: Kanker Fabels en feiten Het, Werelvenster Bussum, Amsterdam 1989.
337. Kothari M.L. & Mehta Lopa A.: The Other Face of Cancer. Other India Press, Goa, 1994.
338. Kothari M.L. & Mehta Lopa A.: Death : A New Perspective on the Phe- nomena of Disease and Dying. Marion Boyars, London, 1986.
339. Kothari M.L. & Mehta Lopa A.: Living, Dying. Other India Press, Goa, 1996.
340. Inlander C.B., Levin L.L., and Weiner E.: Medicine on Trial: The Appalling Story of Medical Ineptitude and the Arrogance That Overlooks It. Pantheon Books, NY, 1988.
341. Chain E. B.: Futility of the "mass attack" on diseases where knowledge of fundamental biologic facts is lacking. In, Reflections on Research and the Future of Medicine. A symposium and other addresses. (Ed. C. E. Lyght), McGraw Hill, NY, 1966, pp. 167-168.
342. Porter R.: The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity. W. W. Norton, NY, 1997.
343. Das Gupta D., Kothari M.L., Mehta Lopa A.: Cancer Pain: An Indian Perspective. In, Cancer Pain Management: Principles and Practice. (Ed.: Winston C.V.), Butterworth-Heinemann, Paris, 1997, pp.567-74.
344. Maclean, N.: The Differentiation of Cells. University Park Press, London, 1977.
345. Jose Ortega y Gasset: The Barbarism of Specialization. In, Fourth Man and Future. (Ed. Rashmi Mayur), International Institute of Sustainable Future, Mumbai, 1996, p.115.
346. Eysenck, H.J: Sense and Nonsense in Psychology. Penguin, London, 1957.
347. Jorde, L. B., Carey, J. C. and White, R. L.: Medical Genetics. Mosby, St. Louis, 1995.
348. Brenner S.: Chairman's Closing Remarks. In, Human Genetics: Possi- bilities and Realities. Ciba Foundation Symposium 66. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1979, pp.413-414.
349. Luria S.: Quoted in, Epilogue. Genes VI by B. Levin, OUP, Oxford, 1997,p.l211.
350. Siniscalco, M.: Human Gene Mapping and Cancer Biology. Loc cit. In, 19, pp.283-307.
351. Wizmerovicz, M., Rose-John, S. and Mackiewicz, A.: Gene therapy of cancer. In, Molecular Aspects of Cancer and its Therapy. (Eds. A. Mack-iewicz and P B Sehgal) Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, 1998, pp. 107-150.
352. Begley, S. and Karl, C: One man's quest to cure cancer. Newsweek May 18,1988, pp.49-50A.
353. Cowley, G. and Rogers, A.: Of mice and men. Ibid. pp. 50B-50E.
354. German, C.: An Attack on Aging. Time, January 26,1988, p. 42.
355. Parulkar, G. B.: Heart disease before 80 not God's will but due to our own faults. The Gateway: Bulletin of the Rotary Club of Bombay. 39 (47): 1-3, 3 June, 1988.
356. Ghosh, P. Reading the book of life. Outlook, July 10,2000, pp.38-41.
357. News: New Genesis. Down to Earth, July 31,2000, pp.15-16.
358. Zukav, G.: The Dancing Wu Li Masters: An Overview of the New Physics. Bantam New Age Books, NY, 1980.
359. Horgan, J.: The End of Science-Facing the Limits of Knowledge in the Twilight of the Scientific Age. Broadway Books, NY, 1997.
360. Preston, R.: The Hot Zone: A Terrifying True Story. Random House, NY, 1993.
361. Charles, Prince of Wales: Quoted by J M Grange: The human dimension of tuberculosis control. In, Proceedings of International CME on Tuberculosis. (Eds. Pratibha Narang and Mendiratta D K.) Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, 1996, pp. 110-120.
362. Bailar, J. C.III, Smith E. M. and Bailar J. C.: Progress against cancer? NEnglJMed, 314:1226-1232,1986.
363. Bailar, J.C.III, and Gornik, H..L: Cancer undefeated. Ibid. 336:1569- 1574,1997.
364. Knowles, J.H., ed.: Doing Better and Feeling Worse: Health in the United States. W.W. Norton, NY, 1977.
GLOSSARY
Terms have been defined with reference to medicine in general and cancer in particular. An attempt has been made to go beyond the mere dictionary meaning so as to provide a wider perspective. Related words are mentioned in parenthesis at the end of the explanation.
Adenocarcinoma | Cancer arising in a gland. |
Allogenic | Originating in a genetically different individual, but |
from the same species. | |
Analgesic | Pain-relieving drug, such as aspirin. |
Anoci-Association An association based on the Hippocratic motto
primum non nocere , meaning that the least that a | |
therapy should do to a patient, is to do no harm. | |
Antigen | A substance, that on introduction into the body, |
excites a highly specific response in the form of | |
antibody (a protein) and/or cells (lymphocytes). An | |
antigen's specific reactivity with antibody/cells | |
allows laboratory detection of its presence in blood | |
or tissue. Some cancers carry on their cells and/or | |
secrete into the blood antigens, of which the | |
carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an example. | |
CEA, found most commonly with cancer of the | |
gastrointestinal tract, is detected in the laboratory | |
by demonstrating its reactivity with a specific | |
antibody. CEA is a normal constitutent of human | |
plasma, and what tests detect is its elevated level in | |
some cancers. | |
Aphthous ulcer | Small, painful ulcer/s accompanying inflammation of |
the mouth. | |
Arteriosclerosis | Thickening and hardening of arteries, a common |
accompaniment of aging. | |
Autochthonous | Arising from an individual's own tissues; not |
transplanted. | |
Benign | Not threatening health or life; opposite of malignant; |
GLOSSARY 171 | |
non- cancerous. A benign tumour/lump has | |
microscopic features resembling a normal tissue. | |
Bronchial cancer | A bronchus is a subdivision of the air-passages |
beyond the trachea (windpipe). Cancer of the lung | |
usually starts in a large bronchus, and thus is often | |
referred to as bronchial cancer or bronchial | |
carcinoma. | |
Burkitt's tumour | A lymphoma with characteristic microscopic picture, |
commoner at younger age. Also called Burkitt's | |
lymphoma. | |
Cancerability | It is the faculty of a normal cell to cancerate and thus |
turn into a cancer cell. | |
Cancerogen | A substance supposedly producing cancer. Also |
called, carcinogen. A substance that assists a | |
cancerogen is called cocancerogen , and one that | |
opposes its action is called anticancerogen. Similarly, | |
cocarcinogen and anticarcinogen. | |
Cancerogenesis | The production of cancer. Also called carcinogen- |
esis. | |
Cancerologist | The cancer specialist. Also called oncologist . The |
speciality is called cancerology or oncology . | |
Cancerotrophic | An agent promoting the growth of cancer. |
Cancerrealism | An approach to cancer based on cancerologic, |
cytologic and biologic facts. Such facts constitute | |
cancerrealities . | |
Celluloma | A lump or a mass made up of cells. - oma as a suffix |
indicates swelling; hence, lipoma, fibroma, | |
astrocytoma, melanoma, etc. | |
Chemotherapy | Thearpy by drugs. |
Cholelithiasis | Formation of stones in the biliary tract. Gall stones. |
Choriocarcinoma, | A cancer arising from the chorionic covering of a |
gestational | foetus, and growing in the uterus of the mother. |
Chronic | Any illness characterized by long duration, or frequent |
recurrence over a long time, and often by slowly | |
progressing severity; opposite of acute. | |
Chronic lymphocytic Often abbreviated as CLL. A type of slowly growing | |
leukemia | leukemia characterized by the excessive proliferation |
of lymphocytes all over. A disease mainly of the | |
middle and old age. | |
Chronic myeloid | Often abbreviated as CML. A type of slowly |
leukemia | progressing leukemia, characterized by the |
excessive proliferation of granular white blood cells, | |
starting in the bone marrow and then appearing in |
the blood and elsewhere. A disease mainly of the | |
middle and old age. | |
Cirrhosis | A chronic disease characterized by progressive |
destruction and hardening of the liver. | |
Collagen | The fibrous protein that provides the scaffold for the |
animal body, being one of the principal skeletal | |
substance binding cells and tissues together. | |
Colposcopy | Examination of the vagina and cervix with an |
instrument called colposcope that provides | |
illumination and magnification. |
Cytodifferentiation The process whereby a cell changes its character to
turn into another type of cell. Also called differentia- | |
tion. | |
Cytokinetic | Related to the process of cell division and prolifera- |
tion the science of which is called cytokinetics. | |
Cytologist | One specializing in the study of cells. (Cytology). |
Cytotoxic | Toxic or lethal to cells. X-rays and 'anticancer' drugs |
are cytotoxic agents, being indiscriminately toxic to | |
both normal and cancerous cells. | |
Desenesce | Rejuvenate. |
Diabetes mellitus | What is commonly known as diabetes is medically |
termed as diabetes mellitus (sweet diabetes) | |
because of the patient passing sugar in the urine. | |
Such diabetes is to be distinguished from diabetes | |
insipidus, wherein the patient passes large qualities | |
of 'insipid' urine. | |
Disease | The term is derived from old French desaise ( des - |
absence of, and aise - ease), and really means dis- | |
ease or lack of ease. The etymologic emphasis has | |
been lost in medical science so that the word disease | |
is freely used even though the so-called disease - a | |
cancerous mass in the prostate or the breast - in no | |
way dis-eases the owner. | |
Dysplasia | Literally, abnormality of a tissue. In current fashion, |
it implies cellular abnormalities of the lining epithelium | |
of the cervix of the uterus, that 'a pathologist | |
recognizes as abnormal, yet not to a degree he is | |
willing to call cancer.' | |
E.coli | Short form for Escherichia coli, a bacterium normally |
found in billions in the human and animal intestine. | |
Ectopic | Out of the normal place. A hormone is normally |
secreted by its special gland. When it is also secreted |
elsewhere by another tissue, it is called ectopic | ||
hormone. | ||
EKGitis | A term to describe the inordinate faith of the doctor | |
or the patient in the diagnostic and prognostic | ||
usefulness of the electrocardiogram (ECG), | ||
sometimes abbreviated as EKG. | ||
Follow-up | The medical practice of periodically reassessing and | |
recording the condition of a patient following | ||
diagnosis and/or treatment. | ||
Gaussian distribution A theoretical frequency distribution that is bell | ||
shaped, symmetrical and of infinite extent. Also | ||
called normal distribution. Many a biologic feature, | ||
related to health or disease, exhibits gaussian | ||
distribution. | ||
Gerontology | Science of aging, and of the problems of the aged. | |
Grading | A mode of describing the severity of a cancer by | |
grading it as Grade 1 through 4. The severity of a | ||
cancer is assumed to be directly proportional to the | ||
departure of its cells from normality when seen | ||
through a microscope. A cancer belongs to Grade 1 | ||
when most of its cells are near-normal in appearance | ||
and arrangement, and to Grade 4 when most cells | ||
look abnormal in appearance and arrangement. | ||
Histological | Related to the study of tissue - normal or cancerous | |
- with a microscope. (Histology, Histologist). | ||
Hodgkin's disease | A form of lymphoma with special microscopic | |
features. | ||
Hysterectomy | Surgical removal of the uterus. | |
Iatrogenic | Produced by a doctor. Also called iatral . | |
Immunological | Related to the science of immunology that studies | |
the nature of antigen/antibody reactions and cells | ||
that possibly mediate the immunity (defence | ||
mechanisms) of the body against a disease. (Tumour | ||
immunity/immunology, Immunotherapy). | ||
Intercurrent disease The occurrence of an unrelated disease in a cancer | ||
patient. | ||
Leukemia | Cancer of the white blood cells. | |
Linear accelerator Specialized machine for X-ray treatment of cancer. | ||
Such a machine, by the tremendous acceleration it | ||
imparts to electrons, produces high energy, X-ray | ||
beams, that allow a patient to be treated 'in one or |
two minutes.' | |
Lumpolytic | An agent that causes dissolution, albeit temporary, |
of a cancerous lump. | |
Lymphoma | Cancer arising in lymphoid tissues. Unlike in |
leukemias, the involvement of the bone marrow by | |
the cancerous cells, and their presence in the blood | |
stream are uncommon. | |
Malignancy | In cancerology, used as a synonym for cancer: hence, |
malignant tumour or malignant lesion. In medicine | |
in general, malignant implies grave severity of a | |
disease: thus, malignant fever, malignant | |
hypertension, malignant malaria. A malignant | |
tumour shows microscopic features supposedly | |
characteristic of cancer. Opposite of benign. | |
Mammography | Study of the breast by X-rays. |
Melanoma | A skin cancer arising from its pigmented cells; can |
also arise from the eye, mucous membrane, and | |
other tissues. | |
Metastasis | Spread or transfer of disease (cancer, infection) from |
its site of origin to another site nor directly connected | |
with it. (Metastatic, Metastasize). | |
Multifactorial | See Polygenic inheritance. |
inheritance | |
Mitral stenosis | Narrowing of the mitral valve of the heart. |
Nasopharyngeal | Cancer of the nasopharynx, the region of the throat |
carcinoma | behind the cavity of the nose. |
Nephritis | Inflammation of the kidney. |
Nephrosis | Non-inflammatory, degenerative disorder of the |
kidney. | |
Neoplastic | Development of cancer. Neoplasm, literally meaning |
development | new (ly formed) tissue connotes cancer, although |
such process also occurs in inflammation, wound | |
healing, etc. | |
Ontolysis | Dissolution of one's own self. |
Palliative | Any therapeutic measure that affords relief, but no |
freedom from the disease. (Palliation, Palliatable). | |
Pernicious anaemia | A form of anaemia which, before the discovery of its |
therapy with vitamin B 12 was inexorably fatal. |
Polygenic inheritance The occurrence of cancer in an individual is governed by many unidentifiable genes (hence called polygenic/multi-factorial inheritance) which in coordination with the genes of the entire herd,
determine whether or not cancer would occur. And | ||
such genetic governance in an individual is | ||
quantitative and not qualifative. All humans can | ||
develop cancer; only some do, for in them the | ||
quantitative gene effect is sufficient enough to carry | ||
them beyond a certain genetic threshold. | ||
Polygenic inheritance has been invoked to explain | ||
the occurrence of a wide variety of diseases ranging | ||
from congenital malformations like cleft plata to | ||
common diseases like peptic ulcer, heart attack, | ||
diabetes, or hypertension. | ||
Primary | In cancerology, it refers to the site where the cancer | |
first originates; hence, primary site, primary cancer, | ||
primary growth, and so on. When a cancer, taking | ||
off from the primary site, establishes itself at other | ||
additional site/s physically discontinuous from the | ||
primary, it is said to have formed secondary or | ||
metastatic cancer. From the secondary site, the | ||
whole process of metastasis can be repeated. | ||
Probability | Etymologically and simply, it means likelihood. | |
Epistemologically, it implies a state of knowledge that | ||
is less than certainly but greater than ignorance. | ||
Epidemiologically, it means certainty at the herd level | ||
which, being numerically smaller than the number | ||
forming the herd, must of necessity be a matter of | ||
chance, likelihood or probability when expressed at | ||
an individual level. Such measurement or quantitation | ||
of uncertainty is called probability. | ||
The epidemiologic concept of probability can be best | ||
amplified by acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a form | ||
of blood cancer. Globally, it occurs at the rate of 2 to | ||
3 cases per 100,000 population per year with little | ||
variation from country to country. Here, the certainty | ||
is 2 to 3 cases per 100,0
Home |
The Library |
Ask an Expert |
Help Talks |
Blog |
Online Books |
Online Catalogue |
Downloads |
Contact Us
Health Library © 2024 All Rights Reserved. MiracleworX Web Designers In Mumbai |