· acute malnutrition
(weight-for-height <- 2Z scores) in under-5s
10% of children under 5
· growth faltering rate in
under-5s
30% of monitored children
· low weight at birth (less than
2.5 kg)
7% of live births
Standard structure of population
Average in the population
· 0-1 year
4%
· 0-5 years
18%
· fertile women
24%
· pregnant women
5%
· expected births
4.4 per 100 population per year
2. Vital needs
Water
Indicator
Average requirement
· quantity
no. of litres/person/day
20 litres/person/day
· quality
no. of users/water point
200 people/water point
(1 cubic metre = 1 tonne = 1 000 litres)
(not more than 100 metres from housing)
Food
kcal (MJ) content
Radon, kg/person/month
· cereals
350 (1.46)/100g
10.5
· pulses
335 (1.40)/100g
1.8
· oil
860 (3.59)/100g
1.2
· sugar
400 (1.67)/100g
1.2
kcal value of recommended ration, person/day:
2100 kcal (8.79 MJ)
Total kg/person/month for feeding
14.7 kg
Sanitation
Latrine: ideally one per family; minimum, one seat per 20 people
(6-50 m from housing) Refuse disposal: one communal pit (2m × 5m ×
2m) per 500 people
Household fuel
Average need
Firewood
15 kg/household/day
Note: with one economic stove per family, the needs may
be reduced:
5 kg/stove/day
Space for accommodation
· Individual requirements
(shelter only)
4 m2/person
· Collective requirements,
including shelter, sanitation, services, community activities, warehousing and
access
30 m2/person
3. Health needs and care
Prevalent health hazards
Expected attack rate in emergency situations
· Acute respiratory infections
in children under 5
10%/month in cold weather
· Diarrhoeal diseases in
children under 5 (other than dysentery and cholera)
50%/month
· Malaria, in total non-immune
population
50%/month
Essential primary health care activities
Target
Optimal coverage of target
· under-5 clinic and growth
monitoring
all children of 0-59 months
100% of under-5s per month
· antenatal clinic
all pregnancies
50% of pregnancies per month
· tetanus toxoid
all pregnancies
30% of pregnancies per month
· assisted deliveries
all deliveries
1/12 of total annual deliveries per month
· BCG
all new births
1/12 of total annual births per month
· DTP1-TT1
all children 0-1 year
1/12 of total group per month
· DTP2-TT2
all children 0-1 year
1/12 of total group per month
· DTP3
all children 0-1 year
1/12 of total group per month
· Measles
all children 9-12 months
1/12 of total group per month
· STD/HIV prevention (by
condoms)
all sexually active males
12 condoms per man per month
Health personnel requirements
Output of one person/hour of work
Activity
· vaccination
30 vaccinations
· under-5 clinic and growth
monitoring
10 children
· antenatal clinic
6 women
· assisted delivery
1 delivery
· outpatient department
consultation
6 consultations
· outpatient department
treatment (dressings, etc.)
6 treatments
Note: one person/day = 7 hours of field work
Health workers emergency requirements (e.g. refugee camp) for
vaccinations, growth monitoring, antenatal clinic, assisted delivery, outpatient
department consultations and treatments, registry and clerical duties
60 staff × 10 000 population
Health supplies requirements
Needed
Essential drugs and medical equipment
· The WHO emergency health kit
1 kit for 10 000 population/3 months
Nutritional rehabilitation
Needs of each under-5 patient
· oil
90g/day
· milk
120g/day
· sugar
70g/day
Safe drinking-water
amount
a) to prepare 1 litre of stock solution 1%:
use 1 litre of water, plus:
15g calcium hypochlorite 70%
or 33 g bleaching powdera 30%
or 250 ml sodium hypochlorite 5%
or 110 ml sodium hypochlorite 10%
b) to disinfect drinking-water with the stock solution:
use 0.6 ml or three drops of solution per litre of water;
use 60 ml of solution per 100 litres of water.
(Note: allow the chlorinated water to stand at least 30
minutes before using)
a Chlorinated lime or bleaching powder is
a white powder which is a mixture of calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride and
calcium hypochlorite. It typically contains 20-35% available
chlorine.
